Take a look at the following: Katana, Artifical Hand, ZAR5, Humanoid-2, Robots, More Robots, Roboter.
Find out what the DARPA Grand Challeng is. Watch this video of the 2005 event. Watch this video of the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge.
Visit the following sites:
Use this site to learn a bit about the different aspects of robots.
Experience navigating a robot here (a simple task).
QUESTION:
Using the examples you've examined above, compare/describe the capabilities and limitations of robots and humans with respect to:
a. Vision
b. Touch
c. Sound
d. Movement
e. Processing power
f. Communication
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Using the examples you've examined above, compare/describe the capabilities and limitations of robots and humans with respect to:
a. Vision
A human has only two eyes; therefore his/her vision is limited. We only see what are eyes detect, and they are far from perfect. Only our two eyes are able to convey our realistic surroundings. In contrast with this is robots, as creators are able to give a robot as many ‘eyes’ as they want. The way robots see is based on their sensors. By surrounding an object with ‘eyes’ of a robot; the robot is able to see the object from different angles. Also, robots are able to perform visions such as infra-red; capacities that humans lack. Thus, the vision of a robot can be much precise, in depth and versatile.
The way people and robots interpret and look at their surroundings is very different. However, as humans make the machines based on human kind itself, the way robots look at the world and the framework in which they interpret is basically the same, although in humans more developed. As robots are not able to be creative, their observation is very literally, exactly what they see. Humans however, have a vivid imagination, making them able to imagine parts of their surroundings and create new things such as robots. Without human imagination, the concept of robots would never been invented, i.e. robots would not have existed.
b. Touch
In June 2006, scientists have created a sensor that can ‘feel’ the texture of objects to the same degree of sensitivity as a human fingertip. This means that the touch of a robot is almost equal to that of a human being. But according to Professor Ravi Saraf, an engineer from the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, US (Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5056434.stm); the range of these devices are not completely accurate. The resolution of a human fingertip is about 40 microns, about the diameter of a human hair. Therefore, the human’s touch is still much more sensitive than a robot’s touch.
Thus, robotic hands can replicate the human sense of touch, but human touch is more developed and real, as they are able to put emotion and meaning to the touch. For robots, the sense of touch is simply another way of retrieving information about their surroundings.
c. Sound
Both humans and robots are able to detect sound in a similar way. They both detect noise from their surrounding and process it to give meaning. However, the way they retrieve sound is very different. A robot has different sounds programmed and is able to ‘hear’ (detect) that sound or word in the exact same tone as programmed. However, if a familiar word is pronounced in a slightly different way, the robot will not be able to detect it, it is not flexible. Humans however, can detect it. As humans are able to put words in a context, although they did not really understand a word, they are able to give meaning to and fully understand what is being said. But the way both robot and humans detect sound is similar, they both depend on receptors. For humans these are ears, for robots microphones.
d. Movement:
Robots are able to mimic the movements of humans to some extent. However, the movement of a robot is much more static as for a robot movement is a series of impulses, not one fluent action. This is illustrated by the fact that technicians and creators are still not capable to let a robot run, as this task is too complex. It requires the robot to be able to perform too many actions at once. Thus the movement of a robot is very basic. Humans however, who are off course able to run, can move much easier as they are able to learn it. When they are born, they cannot walk, let alone run; but through the years they learn how to. A robot does not learn; it is programmed. Also, a robot is made out of steal or something similar. Humans are made of organic material. When a human cuts himself/herself, he/she will heal automatically. But when a robot breaks a steal leg, it will not recover on its own. As robots are made out of steal, it is only logical that their movements are much more mechanical and static than humans, who are made out of flesh and blood.
e. Processing power:
Robots can process information much faster than humans. For example, complicated mathematical tasks, that humans take hours to solve, can be solved by a robot within a second. However, this capability of a robot is only made possible if a robot is programmed to do it. With the technology now, a robot is not able to learn anything, so if it is not programmed to perform difficult math, it will not be able to do it. In contrast, a human can learn to perform new tasks. By doing things for a first time, exploring, humans are able to learn new processes.
Overall, the processing power of a robot, if it is programmed to do so, is much higher than the processing power of a human being. However, humans are much more flexible and capable to learn new things, and robots are not.
f. Communication:
The communication skills of a human being are very thoroughly developed. The range of vocabulary, body language and facial expressions, emotion and tones within a message allow for effective and clear communication.
When we look at the communication capabilities of a robot, there is an enormous difference between human and robot. Compared to a human, a robot is not planning, learning or remembering anything. A robot does not interact with the environment. It’s reactions are based on a few simple rules, giving a response moment by moment. The robot’s complex behaviour comes from its responses to a complex environment. A robot is not able to form an independent message to the outside world, as it needs information retrieved through it sensors, to be able to communicate.
Compare/describe the capabilities and limitations of robots and humans with respect to:
a. Vision
b. Touch
c. Sound
d. Movement
e. Processing power
f. Communication
Vision
Robots's capabilities are the power to see different wavelengths and colors of light, which in humans is not possible with lights such as infra-red. As the human's eyes process the reflections of light on objects of vision, the human vision is restricted to environments with certain amount of light. In contrast, robots are able to catch reflection in day light and night time, making it efficient tool in military combat. In medicine, and especially fields specialising in precision of vision, the robots have much more zoom power and can be focused on one point, the only capability that human eyes can excel in relation to precision is that human eyes have a wider field, that means the eyes receive a lot more information with side vision of an eye. This is one area where robots are better equiped than humans.
Next area is touch. Robots that are being develop several types of the generally used sensors and touch abilities. The sensors and touch abilities included in the videos are liquid sensors, muscle sensors, human electrode sensors, embedded joint angle sensors, fingertip axial force sensors, all of these sensors help the robot part to simulate human reaction action. In the case of a human we have tendrons and neurons one of which receives a change in the surface and the other notifies the brain which gives feedback on actions. The robot arms are being developed mostly as a starting point, and these robots have joint structures like humans, and have artificial tendrons to simulate the rexlexes. The robots will be able to sense touch same as humans, and respond the same way as humans, but robots may not feel hurt or pain from touch. Also, there is a sensor that identifies the object of grasping in a robot arm by identifying from the shadow of the object, so there is also vision in the sensors, so humans do not have that, because biologically the closer the vision system is to the brain the faster will be the reception, try imagining an eye on your hand, were will be your brain. So it is convenient that parts of robots can be developed irrelevant of the other parts that accompany it.
As robots do have some kind of 'brain' that stores the information, but the robots seemed to know how to touch objects based on the strengths of their material, so its advanced as our brain.
Sounds reception in robots is more probable that humans, and can be recorded and measured by wavelenght. The voice recognising system might be in robots, as in humans too. But robots can hear souds that our eardrums do not catch, such as sonor. Robots though can receive verbal commands, their lexicon will be regulated and limited.
The movement of joints and other body parts is perhaps the field where robots are the most advanced, because the streght and the pace of the movement in robots outsourced the human labor in factories. As seen in the video where two machines are shovelling, re-shovelling the disks around, its movements are calculated, and very limited, but with a fast speed, because the program has eliminated the computer from any other distraction, such as slight movement to the left if there is a fly in the room, for example. Humans are much more fragile, and as they grow old the flexibility of the joints is decreased.
The communication between the robots make them effectie as their communication is electronic and travels the media space without any verbal languages but written codes. THe language communication capability is much stronger in humans as they have imagination and reasoning that have been developed and upgraded every new day people live. HUmans can identify body language, sign language, so it can be notived that robots are good at imitating people or better at doing something than humans when the time of activity requirees set rules, such as rules of sign language.
Please ignore the above post, I published it before proof-reading. This is the grammar-mistake-free version:
Vision
Robots’ capabilities are the power to see different wavelengths and colors of light, which in humans is not possible with lights such as infra-red. As the human's eyes process the reflections of light on objects of vision, the human vision is restricted to environments with certain amount of light. In contrast, robots are able to catch reflection in day light and night time, making it efficient tool in military combat. In medicine, and especially fields specializing in precision of vision, the robots have much more zoom power and can be focused on one point, the only capability that human eyes can excel in relation to precision is that human eyes have a wider field, that means the eyes receive a lot more information with side vision of an eye. This is one area where robots are better equipped than humans.
Next area is touch. Robots that are being develop several types of the generally used sensors and touch abilities. The sensors and touch abilities included in the videos are liquid sensors, muscle sensors, human electrode sensors, embedded joint angle sensors, fingertip axial force sensors; all of these sensors help the robot part to simulate human reaction action. In the case of a human we have tendons and neurons one of which receives a change in the surface and the other notifies the brain which gives feedback on actions. The robot arms are being developed mostly as a starting point, and these robots have joint structures like humans, and have artificial tendons to simulate the reflexes. The robots will be able to sense touch same as humans, and respond the same way as humans, but robots may not feel hurt or pain from touch. Also, there is a sensor that identifies the object of grasping in a robot arm by identifying from the shadow of the object, so there is also vision in the sensors, so humans do not have that, because biologically the closer the vision system is to the brain the faster will be the reception, try imagining an eye on your hand, were will be your brain. So it is convenient that parts of robots can be developed irrelevant of the other parts that accompany it.
As robots do have some kind of 'brain' that stores the information, but the robots seemed to know how to touch objects based on the strengths of their material, so its advanced as our brain.
Sounds reception in robots is more probable that humans and can be recorded and measured by wavelength. The voice recognizing system might be in robots, as in humans too. But robots can hear sounds that our eardrums do not catch, such as sonar. Robots though can receive verbal commands; their lexicon will be regulated and limited.
The movement of joints and other body parts is perhaps the field where robots are the most advanced, because the strength and the pace of the movement in robots outsourced the human labor in factories. As seen in the video where two machines are shoveling, re-shoveling the disks around, its movements are calculated, and very limited, but with a fast speed, because the program has eliminated the computer from any other distraction, such as slight movement to the left if there is a fly in the room, for example. Humans are much more fragile, and as they grow old the flexibility of the joints is decreased.
The communication between the robots make them effective as their communication is electronic and travels the media space without any verbal languages but written codes. The language communication capability is much stronger in humans as they have imagination and reasoning that have been developed and upgraded every new day people live. Humans can identify body language, sign language, so it can be noticed that robots are good at imitating people or better at doing something than humans when the time of activity requires set rules, such as rules of sign language.
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